Glossary
What do the technical terms mean
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Hash value
to hash": chopping up, German term: Strew value function). A term from computer science that denotes a number/character string that is calculated from a document or a program. Simplified comparable with a checksum / cross sum. By means of the hash value, a file can be clearly marked and recognized ("electronic fingerprint").
Applications in cryptography
The hash value is often used in cryptography because it does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the content of a transmission. Input values should also only lead to completely different hash values in the case of small differences (diffusion). In a hash function, ideally the change of one bit can lead to the change of 50% of the resulting hash value. It is therefore practically impossible to assign the hash value to an input value.
Checksums
The hash value can also be important for transmissions. It can be used to check whether the original data matches the received data. If the hash value does not match, the data has most likely been manipulated.